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The construction industry in the U.S. is staging a comeback. One of the strongest indicators of that came today, when the Commerce Department said new home building reached its highest level in nearly five years, but more than two million construction jobs have been lost since the beginning of the real estate collapse. You might think that means plenty of people are ready to fill all the new jobs, but that's not the case.
As NPR's Yuki Noguchi explains, in many parts of the country, there is a shortage of construction workers.
YUKI NOGUCHI, BYLINE: When Debbie Bowman left the Army three years ago, the Floridian enrolled in a program with the Home Builders Institute to train to become an electrician.
DEBBIE BOWMAN: And when economy pick back up, people are going to purchase more houses, and everyone need an electrician.
NOGUCHI: Indeed, across the country, there is plenty of demand for people like Bowman. David Crowe is chief economist for the National Association of Home Builders.
DAVID CROWE: I have heard many reports from builders who say they can't hire enough people. They can't find the subcontractors. They're unable to get labor necessary to build the homes that they do have on order, even at the low level of building that's occurring right now.
NOGUCHI: Many of those laborers went back to their home countries or got jobs elsewhere.
CROWE: All of that has to be reversed. That labor has to either come back from wherever it went or whatever job it found instead.
NOGUCHI: And Crowe says the sharp crash didn't just force construction workers out. It killed lumber-supply companies. Raw land stopped getting prepped for development. So all up and down the supply chain, there are fewer companies and fewer workers, and already, he says the modest level of demand is beginning to push up prices for everything.
MIKE HOLLAND: We can't get this industry working too fast too quickly, or prices would go out of sight.
NOGUCHI: Mike Holland is regional president for Marek Brothers, a construction firm based in Houston. He says decades ago, unions trained workers in the trades, skills like plumbing or electrical wiring. But now, companies typically rely on independent contractors, and the companies themselves are reluctant to invest in worker training.
HOLLAND: People have completely abandoned any notion of true workforce development. In the professional level, people are thinking about developing their team and recruiting and hiring practices and all things that any good business has to hold very dear to their heart. Those just don't exist in the craft world.
NOGUCHI: And for that, Holland says the whole industry and eventually consumers may pay the price.
HOLLAND: If all of their subcontractors cost them 10 percent more money, then the cost of the house has got to go up. It's not because of a higher quality. It's purely driven by supply and demand. So we'll have less good workers, less quality but higher cost because of it.
NOGUCHI: But builders don't always have the flexibility to pass along the higher costs onto their customers. Jan Maly is CEO of a specialty contractor in Houston who says finding skilled labor is his number one problem. He pins a lot of the blame on the fact that young workers aren't coming into the field to replace all the boomers who are retiring. The reason, he says, is a cultural and political bias in favor of sending all kids to college. He says there's also a stigma against blue-collar work.
JAN MALY: My father used to tell me this: You need to go to school, or you're going to be a ditch digger. Well, right now, we need ditch diggers.
NOGUCHI: Maly says many people don't make the first round cut of passing the drug and criminal checks, let alone have the skills necessary to do the job.
MALY: We have to do background and drug checks on just about everybody. You'd be quite amazed if you knew how many people were disqualified. 60 percent fail.
NOGUCHI: Sixty percent.
MALY: Yes.
NOGUCHI: Maly says competition for local workers is reaching a fever pitch in part because ExxonMobil is building massive new headquarters. It costs him $10,000 to train each worker. And frequently, when labor is short, poaching becomes a big concern.
MALY: It probably means somebody is going to try to steal our folks.
NOGUCHI: Maly says in the face of that, he hopes to hang on to his quality people, and hope they will refer him to other workers to fill his ranks. Yuki Noguchi, NPR News, Washington.