In an experiment involving radioactive decay the number of decays detected (counted) during a one minute period is recorded at various times after the production of the radioactive material (x in minutes). This count, called the activity N, is displayed below as the y-variable. The measurement uncertainty in the activity, given by Poisson statistics, follows the square root rule:
δN = sqrt(N)
According to Ernest Rutherford, the activity should follow and exponential relationship:
N = N0 exp(-λt)
where N0 is the initial activity and λ is called the decay constant. The decay constant is inversely related to the half-life of the material:
T1/2 = 0.693/λ
So:
B=-0.693/T1/2
| X (min) | Y (counts) |
|---|---|
| 9 | 1.566E3 |
| 12 | 1.380E3 |
| 17 | 1.053E3 |
| 31 | 462 |
| 43 | 284 |
| 55 | 135 |
| 59 | 115 |
| 62 | 72 |
| 76 | 51 |
| 80 | 43 |